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Events
- 1500 - Portugal navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil.
- 1509 - Henry VIII of England ascends the throne of England after the death of his father.
- 1529 - Treaty of Saragossa divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal along a line 297.5 leagues or 17° east of the Moluccas.
- 1836 - Texas Revolution: A day after the Battle of San Jacinto forces under Republic of Texas General Sam Houston capture Mexico General Antonio López de Santa Anna.
- 1863 - American Civil War: Grierson's Raid begins – troops under United States Colonel Benjamin Grierson attack central Mississippi.
- 1864 - The Congress of the United States passes the Coinage Act (1864) which mandates that the inscription "In God We Trust" be placed on all coins minted as United States currency.
- 1876 - The Boston Red Stockings defeat the Philadelphia Athletics 6-5 in the first National League Baseball game
- 1889 - At high noon, thousands rush to claim land in the Land Run of 1889. Within hours the cities of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and Guthrie, Oklahoma are formed with populations of at least 10,000.
- 1898 - Spanish-American War: The United States Navy begins a blockade of Cuban ports and the USS Nashville (PG-7) captures a Spain merchant ship.
- 1912 - Pravda, the "voice" of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, begins publications in Saint Petersburg.
- 1915 - The use of poison gas in World War I escalates when chlorine is released as a chemical warfare in the Second Battle of Ypres.
- 1930 - The United Kingdom, Japan and the United States sign the London Naval Treaty regulating submarine warfare and limiting shipbuilding.
- 1944 - World War II: Operation Persecution initiated – Allies forces land in the Jayapura area of New Guinea.
- 1945 - World War II: After learning that Soviet Union forces have taken Eberswalde without a fight, Adolf Hitler admits defeat in his underground bunker and states that suicide is his only recourse.
- 1946 - The first installment of the popular Japanese comic strip, Sazae-san, is published in the Fukunichi Shimbun.
- 1954 - Second Red Scare: Army-McCarthy Hearings begin.
- 1964 - The 1964 New York World's Fair opens for its first season.
- 1970 - First Earth Day celebrated.
- 1972 - Vietnam War: Increased United States bombing in Vietnam prompts antiwar protests in New York City, San Francisco, California, and Los Angeles, California.
- 1983 - The Germany magazine, Der Stern claims that Adolf Hitler's diaries were found in a wreckage in East Germany.
- 1992 - 1992 explosion in Guadalajara, Mexico ; 206 people were killed, nearly 500 injured and 15,000 were left homeless
- 1993 - The Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, DC is dedicated.
- 1993 - The web browser Mosaic (web browser) version 1.0 is released.
- 1997 - Haouch Khemisti massacre in Algeria; 93 villagers killed.
- 1997 - A 126-day hostage crisis at the residence of the Japanese ambassador in Lima, Peru, Peru ends after government commandos storm and capture the building, rescuing 71 hostages. One hostage dies of a Myocardial infarction, two soldiers are killed from rebel fire, and all 14 rebels are slain.
- 1998 - Disney's Animal Kingdom opens at Walt Disney World near Orlando, Florida, United States.
- 2000 - In a predawn raid, federal agents seize six-year-old Elián González from his relatives' home in Miami, Florida.
- 2000 - The Big Number Change takes place in the United Kingdom.
- 2004 - Ryongchon disaster in Ryongchon, North Korea, killing up to 150 people.
- 2006 - 243 people were injured in pro-democracy protest in Nepal after Nepali security forces opened fire on protesters against King Gyanendra.
- 2006 - Jalal Talabani sworn in for a second term as President of Iraq.
- 2006 - Four Canada's role in the invasion of Afghanistan are killed 75 kilometers north of Kandahar, Afghanistan by a roadside bomb planted by Taliban militants, the worst single day combat loss for the Canadian army since the Korean War.
Births
- 1451 - Queen Isabella of Castile and Leon (d. 1504)
- 1550 - Edward de Vere, Lord Great Chamberlain of England (d. 1604)
- 1610 - Pope Alexander VIII (d. 1691)
- 1658 - Giuseppe Torelli, Italian composer (d. 1709)
- 1690 - John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville, English statesman (d. 1763)
- 1692 - James Stirling (mathematician), Scottish mathematician (d. 1770)
- 1707 - Henry Fielding, English author (d. 1754)
- 1711 - Eleazar Wheelock, American founder of Dartmouth College (d. 1779)
- 1724 - Immanuel Kant, German philosopher (d. 1804)
- 1766 - Madame de Staël, French author (d. 1817)
- 1812 - Solomon Caesar Malan, British orientalist (d. 1894)
- 1816 - Charles Denis Bourbaki, French general
- 1832 - Julius Sterling Morton, Arbor Day founder (d. 1902
- 1840 - Odilon Redon, French painter (d. 1916)
- 1844 - Lewis Thornton Powell, would-be assassin of Secretary of State William H. Seward (d. 1865)
- 1852 - Guillaume IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (d. 1912)
- 1854 - Henri La Fontaine, Belgian lawyer, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1943)
- 1860 - Ada Rehan, American stage actress (d. 1916)
- 1870 (N.S.) - Vladimir Lenin, Russian revolutionary (d. 1924)
- 1873 - Ellen Glasgow, American author (d. 1945)
- 1876 - Robert Bárány, American physician, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1936)
- 1876 - Georg Lurich, Estonian wrestler (d. 1920)
- 1881 - Alexander Kerensky, Russian politician (d. 1970)
- 1884 - Otto Rank, Austrian psychologist (d. 1939)
- 1889 - Richard Glücks, German SS officer (d. 1945)
- 1891 - Harold Jeffreys, English astronomer (d. 1989)
- 1891 - Sacco and Vanzetti, American anarchist (d. 1927)
- 1891 - Vittorio Jano, Italian engineer (d. 1965)
- 1899 - Vladimir Nabokov, Russian writer (d. 1977)
- 1904 - Robert Oppenheimer, American physicist (d. 1967)
- 1905 - Robert Choquette, French Canadian novelist, poet and diplomat (d. 1991)
- 1906 - Eddie Albert, American actor (d. 2005)
- 1906 - Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten, second in line to the Swedish throne (d. 1946)
- 1907 - Ivan Efremov, Russian paleontologist and author (d. 1972)
- 1909 - Rita Levi-Montalcini, Italian neurologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 1909 - Indro Montanelli, Italian journalist and historian (d. 2001)
- 1910 - Norman Steenrod, American mathematician (d. 1971)
- 1912 - Kathleen Ferrier, British singer (d. 1953)
- 1914 - Jan de Hartog, Dutch writer (d. 2002)
- 1916 - Yehudi Menuhin, American-born violinist (d. 1999)
- 1918 - Mickey Vernon, baseball player
- 1919 - Donald J. Cram, American chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 2001)
- 1922 - Charles Mingus, American musician (d. 1979)
- 1922 - Wolf V. Vishniac, American microbiologist (d. 1973)
- 1923 - Bettie Page, American model
- 1923 - Aaron Spelling, American television producer (d. 2006)
- 1925 - George Cole, British actor
- 1926 - Charlotte Rae, American actress
- 1926 - James Stirling (architect), British architect (d. 1992)
- 1927 - Laurel Aitken, Jamaican singer (d. 2005)
- 1935 - Paul Chambers, American jazz bassist (d. 1969)
- 1936 - Glen Campbell, American musician
- 1936 - Pierre Hétu, French Canadian conductor and pianist (d. 1998)
- 1937 - Jack Nicholson, American actor
- 1937 - Jack Nitzsche, American composer (d. 2000)
- 1939 - Jason Miller (playwright), American playwright (d. 2001)
- 1939 - Theodor Waigel, German politician and finance minister
- 1943 - Louise Glück, American poet and 12th Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress
- 1944 - Steve Fossett, American adventurer
- 1946 - John Waters (filmmaker), American film writer
- 1946 - Louise Harel, Quebec politician
- 1946 - Nicole Garcia, French actress and director
- 1950 - Peter Frampton, English musician
- 1950 - Zygi Wilf, owner of the Minnesota Vikings
- 1951 - Paul Carrack, English musician
- 1952 - Marilyn Chambers, American actress
- 1952 - François Berléand, French actor
- 1953 - Juhani Komulainen, Finnish composer
- 1955 - Johnnie To, Hong Kong film director and producer
- 1958 - Ken Olandt, American actor
- 1959 - Catherine Mary Stewart, Canadian actress
- 1959 - Ryan Stiles, Canadian-born actor
- 1960 - Gary Rhodes, English chef
- 1962 - Jeff Minter, English video game programmer
- 1965 - Lauri Hendler, actress
- 1965 - Peter Zezel, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1966 - Mariana Levy, Mexican actress (d. 2005)
- 1966 - Jeffrey Dean Morgan, American actor
- 1967 - Sheryl Lee, American actress
- 1967 - Harvey Williams (football player), American football player
- 1968 - Zarley Zalapski, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1969 - Dion Dublin, English footballer
- 1970 - Andrea Giani, Italian volleyball player
- 1970 - Regine Velasquez, Filipino singer and actress
- 1971 - Daisuke Enomoto, first Japanese space tourism
- 1972 - Owen Finegan, Australian rugby union footballer
- 1973 - Ofer Talker, Israeli footballer
- 1974 - Shavo Odadjian, Armenian-born bassist (System of a Down)
- 1975 - Greg Moore (race car driver), Canadian race car driver (d. 1999)
- 1975 - Carlos Sastre, Spanish cyclist
- 1976 - Michał Żewłakow, Polish footballer
- 1976 - Paul Henderson (footballer), Australian soccer player
- 1976 - Dan Cloutier, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1977 - Mark van Bommel, Dutch footballer
- 1977 - Aaron Fink, American guitarist (Breaking Benjamin)
- 1978 - Jason Stollsteimer, American singer and lead guitarist (The Von Bondies)
- 1978 - Esteban Tuero, Argentinian race car driver
- 1979 - Daniel Johns, Australian musician (Silverchair)
- 1980 - Nicolas Douchez, French footballer
- 1980 - Carlos Hernández (baseball pitcher), Venezuelan baseball player
- 1980 - Courtney Friel, presenter of World Poker Tour
- 1981 - Ken Dorsey, American football player
- 1982 - Kaká, Brazilian footballer
- 1982 - Tim Hamilton (actor), Slovak adult movie actor
- 1983 - Matt Jones, American football player
- 1984 - Michelle Ryan, English actress
- 1984 - Amelle Berrabah, British singer (Sugababes)
- 1986 - Dusan Sakota, Serbian-Greek basketball player
Deaths
- 296 - Pope Caius
- 455 - Petronius Maximus, Roman Emperor
- 536 - Pope Agapetus I
- 1592 - Bartolomeo Ammanati, Italian architect (b. 1511)
- 1672 - Georg Stiernhielm, Swedish poet (b. 1598)
- 1699 - Hans Erasmus Aßmann, Freiherr von Abschatz, German statesman (b. 1646)
- 1758 - Antoine de Jussieu, French naturalist (b. 1686)
- 1778 - James Hargreaves, English inventor (b. 1720)
- 1806 - Pierre-Charles Villeneuve, French admiral (stabbed) (b. 1763)
- 1833 - Richard Trevithick, English inventor (b. 1771)
- 1839 - Denis Davydov, Russian general and poet (b. 1784)
- 1854 - Nicolás Bravo, Mexican politician and soldier (b. 1786)
- 1892 - Edouard Lalo, French composer (b. 1823)
- 1896 - Thomas Meik, British civil engineer (b. 1812)
- 1908 - Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1836)
- 1925 - André Caplet, French composer (b. 1878)
- 1930 - Jeppe Aakjaer, Danish poet (b. 1866)
- 1933 - Henry Royce, British automobile manufacturer (b. 1863)
- 1945 - Käthe Kollwitz, German artist (b. 1867)
- 1945 - Wilhelm Cauer, German mathematician (b. 1900)
- 1946 - Harlan Fiske Stone, Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (b. 1872)
- 1946 - Lionel Atwill, English Actor (b. 1885)
- 1951 - Horace Donisthorpe, British entomologist (b. 1870)
- 1968 - Stephen H. Sholes, American recording executive (b. 1911)
- 1978 - Will Geer, American actor (b. 1902)
- 1980 - Jane Froman, American actor (b. 1907)
- 1980 - Fritz Strassmann, German physicist (b. 1902)
- 1983 - Earl Hines, American jazz pianist (b. 1903)
- 1983 - John Louis Evans, convicted murderer (executed) (b. 1950)
- 1984 - Ansel Adams, American photographer (b. 1902)
- 1985 - Paul H. Emmett, American chemical engineer (b. 1900)
- 1985 - Jacques Ferron, French Canadian physician, author and politician (b. 1921)
- 1986 - Mircea Eliade, Romanian writer (b. 1907)
- 1988 - Irene Rich, American actress (b. 1891)
- 1994 - Richard Nixon, President of the United States (b. 1913)
- 1995 - Maggie Kuhn, American activist (b. 1905)
- 1996 - Erma Bombeck, American humorist (b. 1927)
- 1998 - Kitch Christie, South African rugby coach (b. 1940)
- 1999 - Apostolos Nikolaidis (singer), Greek singer (b. 1938)
- 2002 - Linda Lovelace, American adult actress (b. 1949)
- 2003 - Martha Griffiths, U.S. Congresswoman (b. 1912)
- 2003 - Michael Larrabee, American athlete (b. 1933)
- 2003 - Felice Bryant, American songwriter (b. 1925)
- 2004 - Pat Tillman, American football player and U.S. Army Ranger (killed in action) (b. 1976)
- 2004 - Jason L. Dunham, American Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1981)
- 2005 - Philip Morrison, American physicist (b. 1915)
- 2005 - Erika Fuchs, German translator (b. 1906)
- 2005 - Norman Bird, UK character actor (b. 1920)
- 2006 - Alida Valli, Italian actress (b. 1921)
- 2007 - Juanita Millender-McDonald, congresswoman from southern California (b. 1938)
Holidays and observances
Religious observances
References
External links
- BBC: On This Day
-
- On This Day in Canada
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